Journal: Physical Review Materials

Article Title: Phase stabilities of MgCO3 and MgCO3 -II studied by Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and density functional theory calculations

doi: 10.1103/physrevmaterials.4.055001

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 7. Raman spectra of MgCO3 (magnesite) + MgCO3-II (C2/m) obtained during decompression down to ambient conditions. Frequencies of the (C3O9)6−ring bending (light grey) are observed down to ∼40 GPa. The concomitant presence of a characteristic mode (CO2− 3 –stretching mode) of MgCO3 (magnesite) indicated in dark grey shows the coexistence of magnesite and metastable MgCO3-II. MgCO3 (magnesite) is recovered at low pressures and ambient conditions.

Article Snippet: The sample was heated from both sides with a pulsed CO2 laser (Diamond K-250 from Coherent, λ = 10.6 μm) [28].

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Macrophage Resistance to HIV-1 Infection Is Enhanced by the Neuropeptides VIP and PACAP

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067701

Figure Lengend Snippet: . Macrophages were infected with an R5-tropic HIV-1 isolate (Ba-L) and treated with culture medium ( Medium ) or with an antagonist of PAC1 ( M65 , 50 nM), VPAC1 and VPAC2 ( atVIP, 100 nM) or with both antagonists ( M65+atVIP ) 15 minutes before the addition of VIP (A) or PACAP (B) at 10 nM. Viral replication was measured in the culture supernatants using an HIV-1 p24 ELISA 12-14 days after infection. Data represent means ± SEM of five independent experiments. Virus production in the positive control (HIV-1-infected cells cultured only with medium): 5.8±1.9 ng/mL p24 Ag. The three bars on the right show the virus replication by macrophages exposed only to the antagonists. * p ≤.05; ** p ≤.01; *** p ≤.001.

Article Snippet: The VPAC1 and VPAC2 agonists Ala 11,22,28 -VIP and Bay 55-9837, respectively, were obtained from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK).

Techniques: Infection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Virus, Positive Control, Cell Culture

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Macrophage Resistance to HIV-1 Infection Is Enhanced by the Neuropeptides VIP and PACAP

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067701

Figure Lengend Snippet: . Macrophages were infected with an R5-tropic HIV-1 isolate (Ba-L) and treated with agonists for the VPAC1 ( agVPAC1 2.5 nM), VPAC2 ( agVPAC2 2.5 nM) or PAC1 ( agPAC1 , 5 nM) receptors or with VIP (5 nM) and PACAP (5 nM), either alone or in combination, as indicated. Viral replication was measured in the culture supernatants using an HIV-1 p24 ELISA 12–14 days after infection. Viral production in the positive control (HIV-1-infected cells cultured only with medium): 3.0±0.8 ng/mL p24 Ag. ** p ≤.01; *** p ≤.001.

Article Snippet: The VPAC1 and VPAC2 agonists Ala 11,22,28 -VIP and Bay 55-9837, respectively, were obtained from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK).

Techniques: Infection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Positive Control, Cell Culture